Where To Register Forvirginia Communication And Literacy Assessment

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Virginia Advice and Literacy Assessment (VCLA) Quick Facts
Subtest I: Reading Comprehension and Analysis
Subtest 2: Writing Knowledge and Proficiency
Subtest I: Reading Comprehension and Analysis Practice Questions and Answers
Subtest 2: Writing Knowledge and Proficiency Practise Questions and Answers

Virginia Communication and Literacy Cess (VCLA) Quick Facts

Overview:

The Virginia Communication and Literacy Cess (VCLA) evaluates advice and literacy skills required of educators in Virginia.

Format:

The VCLA is comprised of 2 subtests-a reading subtest and a writing subtest. The reading subtest is composed of approximately 40 multiple-pick questions. The writing subtest includes approximately twoscore multiple-choice questions, 3 brusk-answer items, i written summary, and 1 written composition. The testing catamenia is 4 hours.

Toll:

A single subtest costs $40. Both subtests cost $fourscore. The registration processing fee is $fifty.

Scoring:

For both the reading and writing subtests, scores are given in a range from 100 to 300, based on the performance of all components of the subtests.

The passing score for a single subtest is 235. The passing score for both subtests is 470.

Study time:

To laissez passer the test, there is no set fourth dimension to study. Information technology depends on the strengths and weaknesses of the participant in relation to the skills covered on the test.

Programme a course of study by focusing on your weaknesses. The all-time way is to review the 240Tutoring materials.

What test-takers wish they would've known:

Test-takers tend to overestimate their abilities to perform well. Many students regret non putting more fourth dimension and effort into preparing. Fortunately, it'due south easy to avert this fault by using test training materials.
When answering the multiple-choice questions, you should read all possible answers earlier marking the correct 1. Y'all don't want to miss out on the all-time respond by non reading all of the responses!
Always bank check your respond before moving to the next question. Many test-takers are surprised past how they're able to find disregarded errors in their piece of work by using this strategy.

Information and screenshots obtained from the Virginia Communication and Literacy Cess website:

https://www.va.nesinc.com/

Subtest I: Reading Comprehension and Assay

Overview

The Reading Comprehension and Analysis Subtest has twoscore multiple-choice items.

This subtest has 5 competencies:

Meaning of Words and Phrases
Principal Idea and Supporting Details
Human relationship Among Ideas
Critical-Reasoning Skills
Summaries, Outlines, and Visual Representations

Then, let'south starting time with Meaning of Words and Phrases.

Meaning of Words and Phrases

For this section, you lot need to exist able to use context clues to determine the meaning of unknown words and phrases, as well as identify synonyms and antonyms for given words.

Let's discuss some concepts that volition more than likely appear on the test.

Context Clues

Context clues are parts of the passage that tin can help you figure out what a word or phrase means. You tin can apply what you do know about the passage, specifically the residue of the sentence that the unknown word is function of, to determine what the word ways.

For example, a sentence may read:

"His grandfather pushed his

glasses

upward his nose as he read the commodity."

You can make up one's mind that

spectacles

is some other word for

spectacles

. The context clues are "pushed up his nose" and "as he read the commodity." Glasses are worn on the nose and ofttimes used while reading.

Synonyms and Antonyms

A synonym is a discussion that has the same meaning equally some other word.

For example,

scared

and

agape

are synonyms because both words mean the aforementioned thing.

An antonym is a give-and-take that has the opposite significant of another word.

For example,

rough

and

smooth

are antonyms, because the words have opposite meanings.

For this section, you need to be able to use context clues to make up one's mind the pregnant of unknown words and phrases, likewise equally identify synonyms and antonyms for given words.

Let'southward discuss some concepts that volition more than probable appear on the test.

Context Clues

Context clues are parts of the passage that can help yous figure out what a word or phrase means. You can use what you do know about the passage, specifically the rest of the sentence that the unknown discussion is part of, to decide what the word means.

For example, a sentence may read:

"His gramps pushed his

spectacles

upwardly his nose equally he read the article."

You can determine that

glasses

is another word for

glasses

. The context clues are "pushed upwardly his nose" and "as he read the article." Glasses are worn on the nose and oft used while reading.

Synonyms and Antonyms

A synonym is a discussion that has the same meaning as some other word.

For example,

scared

and

agape

are synonyms because both words mean the same thing.

An antonym is a give-and-take that has the opposite meaning of another word.

For example,

rough

and

polish

are antonyms, because the words accept opposite meanings.

Main Idea and Supporting Details

For this section, you need to exist able to place and clarify the main thought of a

paragraph or passage.

Let's discuss some concepts that volition more than than likely appear on the test.

Main Idea

The main idea is what the piece of text is mostly about. It is the big thought of a

passage, or the "point" of what you lot are reading.

To detect the main idea, think about what the text is by and large nearly. Authors frequently brand the main idea clear in the introduction of a passage. A topic sentence is the kickoff sentence of a paragraph that summarizes the master idea. Y'all tin can also expect for keywords or phrases that echo. Determine what the details (pocket-size pieces of information) relate to or support.

It is of import to know the main idea of what you are reading to fix your purpose. Determining the master thought of a piece of text helps y'all empathise what y'all can larn or gain from reading it.

Author'southward Purpose

The author's purpose is the reason why he or she writes a piece of text. Authors write to entertain, inform, or persuade an audience.

To determine the author's purpose, think about what the author is trying to accomplish.

To entertain: The writer delivers enjoyment to the reader.

To inform: The author teaches or provides information about a topic.

To persuade: The author tries to convince the reader to feel or think a sure fashion.

The writer'south purpose may be clearly stated in the text, or it may be implied past the reader.

For this section, you lot demand to be able to identify and analyze the chief idea of a

paragraph or passage.

Allow's discuss some concepts that will more than likely announced on the test.

Primary Thought

The primary idea is what the piece of text is mostly about. Information technology is the big idea of a

passage, or the "indicate" of what yous are reading.

To detect the master idea, think about what the text is mostly about. Authors often make the main idea clear in the introduction of a passage. A topic sentence is the beginning sentence of a paragraph that summarizes the main thought. You can also look for keywords or phrases that repeat. Determine what the details (pocket-sized pieces of data) chronicle to or back up.

It is of import to know the main thought of what y'all are reading to gear up your purpose. Determining the main thought of a piece of text helps you sympathise what you lot tin can learn or gain from reading it.

Author'southward Purpose

The author's purpose is the reason why he or she writes a piece of text. Authors write to entertain, inform, or persuade an audience.

To decide the author's purpose, think most what the author is trying to accomplish.

To entertain: The author delivers enjoyment to the reader.

To inform: The author teaches or provides information well-nigh a topic.

To persuade: The author tries to convince the reader to feel or remember a certain way.

The author'southward purpose may exist conspicuously stated in the text, or information technology may be unsaid by the reader.

Relationship Among Ideas

For this department, you need to empathise cause-and-effect and pro and con

relationships. You'll also need to be able to draw conclusions after reading a passage.

Let's talk over some concepts that volition more than likely appear on the test.

Crusade-and-Effect

Cause-and-effect is the relationship betwixt what happened (effect) and why it happened (cause) in a specific situation.

Allow'due south apply this to a scenario. Ella had a cavity considering she didn't brush her teeth advisedly. The poor teeth brushing resulted in the cavity. Therefore, poor teeth brushing is the cause in this situation and the cavity is the effect.

You may exist asked to place or determine the cause and/or consequence in different situations that announced in passages you read on your examination.

Cartoon Conclusions

Drawing conclusions is making significant of text based on what is actually written and what must be implied past the reader. Think about what you read in the text and what y'all already know most the topic to make a decision about the text. You may be asked to interpret the author's point or message in the text that he or she wrote.

Critical-Reasoning Skills

For this department, you'll need to think critically about a passage to evaluate the

writer'due south betoken of view, validity, and arguments.

Let's hash out some concepts that will more than than probable appear on the examination.

Fact versus Opinion

A fact is a piece of data about a topic that tin can be proven.

An stance is a statement that expresses what someone thinks or how someone feels nigh a topic.

For example,

"lions and tigers are mammals"

is a fact.

"Lions and tigers should non be taken from their natural habitats to live in zoos"

is an opinion.

Yous may be asked to determine if a piece of information in your text is a fact or an stance.

Author'due south Point of View

Bespeak of view is the lens through which the author chooses to write.

First person bespeak of view ways the writer chooses to write directly as his or herself. The pronouns "I" and "we" are used.

Second person point of view means the author chooses to write directly to an audience. The pronoun "y'all" is used.

Third person betoken of view means the author chooses to write from an outside view. The pronouns "he", "she", "it", and "they" are used, along with character names.

Information technology is important to establish the author'south point of view because it can help you determine the writer'due south thinking or feeling about a topic.

You may be asked to place the author'south point of view in a passage and how it relates to his or her purpose.

Summaries, Outlines, and Visual Representations

For this section, you lot need to be able to pick out a summary or outline of a passage and understand and analyze charts, graphs, and tables.

Permit'southward discuss some concepts that volition more than than likely appear on the test.

Summary

A summary is a concise statement that establishes the central purpose of a text. A summary includes the main ideas from all parts of a passage simply does not focus on details.

To identify an accurate summary, determine if the statement covers what the unabridged passage is mostly about. If the statement focuses on details or only covers a portion of the passage, it is non an accurate summary.

Graphic Organizers

A graphic organizer is a visual representation of the relationship between different types of information. Graphic organizers brandish information in a visual way.

You lot may be asked to interpret the information provided in a graphic organizer, or determine how to accurately represent information using an advisable tool.

And that'south some basic info near Subtest I: Reading Comprehension and Analysis.

Subtest Two: Writing Knowledge and Proficiency

The Writing Knowledge and Proficiency Subtest has xl multiple-pick items, 3 short-reply items, and 2 writing assignments.

This subtest has ix competencies:

Purpose and Audience
Unity, Focus, and Development
Principles of Organisation
Judgement and Paragraph Construction
Usage
Mechanical Conventions
Sentence Revision
Writing a Summary
Writing a Composition

Then, let'due south start with Purpose and Audience.

Purpose and Audience

For this section, you need to exist able to place the purpose of a piece of text and

revise writing for diverse audiences.

Let's talk over a concept that will more than likely appear on the exam.

Identifying Audition

To place the intended audience for a passage, retrieve virtually for whom the author wrote it. For example, the intended audience of a campaign speech would probably be the voting constituents of that community. Or, a persuasive letter about restoring a historical building would be written for those affiliated with making the decision near the building's futurity.

Unity, Focus, and Development

For this section, you need to empathise what unity, focus, and development are in writing. Y'all volition have to revise sentences or paragraphs to improve the unity, focus, or development of the writing.

Let's look at some concepts that will more than than likely announced on the test.

Unity

Unity in writing ways the essay stays focused on the topic. All included details support or relate to the primary thought. They do not seem random or off-topic. If a judgement or portion of the writing is non focused on the topic, discover a manner to make it relate. Remove the off-topic words or ideas and replace them with ones that support the master topic.

Focus

Focus in writing means the purpose of the writing is articulate and remains articulate throughout the passage. Yous can identify an off-topic argument if it does non relate to or support the central idea of the text.

Principles of Organization

For this section, you demand to know how to order sentences and paragraphs to create an organized piece of text, as well equally effectively use transition words to motility from one idea to the next.

Take a wait at some things that could come on the test.

Transitional Words

Transitional words or phrases connect ane idea to some other in a logical order in writing. They help the reader motion smoothly through the writing slice. They go on the ideas in the writing from sounding disjointed or unrelated. Some examples to use or look for arein addition, such every bit, for instance, as stated above, in conclusion

, etc.

Sequence of Ideas

Writing should menses in a logical order. You lot tin use transitional words or phrases to assistance your writing sound fluid and not inclement. You lot may be asked to place a transitional discussion or phrase that would be appropriate to use in a particular place in the text. You may also be asked to rearrange sentences or portions of the passage into an order that makes more sense to a reader.

Sentences and Paragraph Construction

For this department, you need to know what topic sentences are, equally well as how to eliminate unnecessary information and correct fragments and run-ons.

Let'due south expect at some concepts that will more than likely appear on the test.

Topic Sentences

A topic sentence is a sentence that makes the main thought of a paragraph clear. Topic sentences are written at the beginning of each new paragraph. They open up a new section of writing and make that department'southward purpose apparent.

Example: The right to vote is a cornerstone of American citizenship.

Every sentence of the paragraph that follows this topic sentence should support this thought.

Sentence Fragments

A sentence fragment is a group of words that cannot stand solitary as a complete sentence. A complete sentence must include a subject (naming part) and predicate (telling office).

Incorrect example: Some of the students at schoolhouse.

This only includes a subject.

Incorrect instance: Enjoyed the Veteran's Day associates.

This simply includes a predicate.

Correct case: Some of the students at school enjoyed the Veteran's Day assembly.

This includes both a discipline

and

a predicate.

You may be asked to identify a judgement fragment that is missing either a subject or predicate.

Usage

For this section, you need to understand the relationships between parts of

oral communication, likewise as be able to recognize commonly misused words.

Take a look at some things that could come up on the examination.

Bailiwick-Verb Agreement

The subject area of a sentence is who or what the sentence is nigh. The verb is the action, or what happens, in the sentence. Subject-verb agreement means if the subject is singular (one) the verb is also singular, and if the subject is plural (more than 1) the verb is also plural.

Incorrect Subject-Verb Agreement: The pig walk.

Correct Subject-Verb Agreement: The pig walks.

Pronoun-Ancestor Agreement

A pronoun is a word that takes the identify of a substantive. For example, I, nosotros, he, she, information technology, they, and you lot are all examples of pronouns. An antecedent is a word that comes before a pronoun in a piece of writing. For pronouns and antecedents to hold, they must friction match in number.

Incorrect Pronoun-Antecedent Understanding: The team worked hard at exercise. He won the championship game.

Right Pronoun-Antecedent Understanding: The team worked hard at exercise.

They

won the championship game.

Modifiers

Adverbs

describe verbs. They tell when, where, how, or how ofttimes an action happens.

Example: The girl

slowly

placed her crayons in the box.

Slowly

is an adverb considering information technology describes the action of how the crayons were placed in the box.

Adjectives

describe nouns. They tell color, size, shape, scent, feeling, number, etc. of a person, identify, thing, animal, or idea.

Example: The

smooth

rock skipped across the swimming.

Polish

is an adjective considering information technology describes how the rock feels.

Comparatives

evidence differences betwixt nouns.

Example: The racer from North High School ran

faster

than the racer from Due east High School.

Faster

is a comparative because it shows the deviation in the racers' speeds.

Superlatives

are used to describe a noun with the highest or everyman quality in a group of three or more.

Example: Her house is the

largest

on the block.

Largest

is a summit because the adult female'due south firm is the highest in the quality of size in a group of three or more houses.

Mechanical Conventions

For this section, you lot need to empathize and apply correct punctuation and

capitalization in sentences, equally well as detect and right misspelled words.

Take a look at some things that could come up on the exam.

Standard Capitalization

In a properly written sentence, certain words start with a capital. The start letter of the alphabet of a sentence should always be capitalized. Proper nouns (specific names of people, places, and things) should be capitalized no thing where they appear in the sentence.

Case:

golf game instructor took

Jeff

and

Debbie

to play a round at

Iron Forks Country Club

last

Saturday

– commencement give-and-take of the judgement

Jeff/Debbie

– specific names of people

Atomic number 26 Forks Country Club

– specific name of place

Sat

– specific mean solar day of the calendar week

Usually Misspelled Words

Y'all may be asked to identify a usually misspelled discussion in a sentence.

For example,

vacuum, success

, and

tomorrow

are all commonly misspelled words because of the double messages they incorporate.

Achieve

and

believe

are commonly misspelled because of the double vowels.

Sentence Revision

For this section, you lot need to understand how to revise sentences and paragraphs to better grammar and usage, construction, and mechanics.

Here's exactly what y'all need to know for this competency.

Revising a Judgement

This section of the test will exist completed in short reply grade. You volition run into 3 sentences that each comprise two errors in grammer, usage, or mechanics. You will rewrite each sentence, correcting the errors while maintaining pregnant.

Example: Aiden and Sienna ate there dinner

at the club later they run the 5K last Saturday.

Corrected: Aiden and Sienna ate

their

dinner at the social club later they

ran

the 5K last Sat.

Writing a Summary

To be successful at writing a summary, begin by reading the given passage critically. In your summary, identify the fundamental idea and supporting details in your ain words. Before submitting, review it and correct any mechanical errors (spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, etc.) that may be included in your composition.

Writing a Limerick

To be successful at writing a composition, start past thoroughly examining the prompt. Determine who you lot are writing for and the reason why you are writing. Program out your paragraphs. Kickoff with an introduction that makes it clear to readers what your composition is well-nigh. Move into paragraphs that cite specific examples and details that support the main thought of your composition. End with a conclusion that provides a clear sense of closure to your limerick. Brand the focus of each paragraph articulate by starting with a topic sentence. Before submitting, review it and correct any mechanical errors (spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammer, etc.) that may be included in your composition.

And that's some basic info about Subtest II: Writing Knowledge and Proficiency.

Subtest I: Reading Comprehension and Analysis Exercise Questions and Answers

Now, let's look at our VCLA exercise test which utilizes accurate questions in each surface area to see how these

concepts might actually appear on the real test.

Use the passage below to reply the five questions that follow.

Americans spend virtually 1.5 billion dollars a day on groceries, but supermarkets and grocery stores want shoppers to spend fifty-fifty more than. A typical grocery shop has about 50,000 products to sell to customers. Grocery stores have constitute creative and clever methods to make sure that shoppers buy more of these products.

Some stores use rut maps to track which aisles customers linger in, looking at products. This helps supermarket owners and managers effigy out where people spend the most time in the store. Many stores provide discount cards that not only offer reduced prices to shoppers merely as well can electronically track products that customers buy. At the checkout counter customers will be offered coupons for items similar to their purchases. I supermarket has started giving customers a handheld self-checkout device linked to the store'south disbelieve card. This device alerts customers to sales as they walk by or scan certain products. This may sound convenient, but researchers like Joseph Turow of the University of Pennsylvania worry nigh client privacy and the possibility of stores selling the shopping details of their customers to other companies.

Store owners know that milk and eggs are mutual items on many grocery lists, so these items should be at the front of the store, right? Really, most stores place those items deeper into the shop so that shoppers have to pass tantalizing products on their mode to get the needed items. Florists, bakeries, and produce sections are normally at the front of the store because the items in them will appeal to shoppers' senses, enticing customers to make purchases. Managers know that ruby signs get the attention of shoppers and that yellow and white signs have a calming upshot. They besides know that the human eye is likely to focus on products that are at eye level, so that is where the most expensive products are placed on the shelves. Less expensive products are placed college or lower. Some companies negotiate with the supermarket to ensure that their products are in prime locations to brand them more highly-seasoned than a competing brand'south products.

While the customer is trying to spend the shortest corporeality of time and the to the lowest degree amount of money while shopping, the supermarket is trying to encourage the shopper to do the opposite. A study past a food marketing group showed that about threescore% of the items bought at the supermarket were non on the customer's original list. If it sounds sneaky, it is! Simply an informed client can encounter through these gimmicks and avoid coming home with actress items.

Question ane

Which of the post-obit is the all-time summary of the above selection?

Engineering science has go one of the most successful methods that supermarkets utilize to written report client ownership trends
Supermarkets fix upward their stores in a very specific style in gild for their shoppers to have the best possible experience
Supermarkets use some tricky techniques to get their customers to spend more fourth dimension and buy more things in their stores
Customers should be informed about supermarket strategies that entice them to purchase more than items than were originally on their listing

Right respond:iii.

This passage focuses on the diverse methods used by supermarkets to 'trick' their customers into spending more and buying more, and thus, staying longer in their stores. This is the best answer.

Question 2

According to paragraph two, supermarkets give customers a "self-checkout device linked to the store's discount card." Why might this device pose a threat to its customers?

Privacy laws volition be violated and the customers could be charged
Customers will prefer disbelieve cards instead
If the information they assemble is sold, that may be detrimental to the customers
Inexperienced customers may misuse the device

Right answer:3.

Paragraph two mentions a researcher who worries about supermarkets selling the data they've collected to other companies. The word "worry" creates a threatening tone—the customers' information should be kept private. Once that data is out of the control of the supermarkets, so it exposes the customers' individual information to potential violations of that information.

Question three

In paragraph three, what are 2 strategies supermarkets utilise to entice their customers to buy more?

Placing popular products in the front of the store and placing less expensive products in the back
Placing oftentimes purchased products on higher shelves so customers will have to piece of work harder to get to them and keep coupons to a minimum
Using colored signs to attract a customer'south optics and placing frequently purchased products in the back of the store
Putting bakeries in the forepart and avoiding negotiating with companies who want their products placed in a special location

Correct answer:iii.

This is correct according to the details of the text, which mention how supermarkets use colored signage and how they identify frequently purchased products in the back to make customers pass by other products so they will hopefully purchase more than.

Question 4

Which of the following is an opinion stated in the passage?

"This may sound convenient, but researchers like Joseph Turow of the University of Pennsylvania worry near customer privacy and the possibility of stores selling the shopping details of their customers to other companies."
"They also know that the human eye is probable to focus on products that are at eye level, so that is where the most expensive products are placed on the shelves."
"Some stores use heat maps to rail which aisles customers linger in, looking at products."
"A report by a food marketing grouping showed that about 60% of the items bought at the supermarket were not on the customer's original list."

Correct answer:1.

The report done by Turow also involves Turow'southward stance. He "worries," and his worry is based on his opinion. Although his opinion is based on his research, he still forms an stance. Thus, this choice is best.

Question 5

How might a reader rightly utilize this passage to his or her side by side shopping experience, if following the writer'southward intended purpose?

Being more than alert to the tricks supermarkets use and trying to avert falling for their gimmicks
Contacting the stores that purchased buyers' purchase history from the supermarket
Avoiding making shopping lists, as this would exist a waste of fourth dimension
Making certain to apply for a shop's discount bill of fare

Correct answer:one.

This is the best answer because the author's intent in this passage is to make the reader aware of the sneaky methods that supermarkets employ to proceeds data about their consumers and to entire their consumers to buy more from them.

Question half-dozen

Shipping containers are used to booty cargo on ships, trains, and trucks. Because these trips can be rough, the containers are used for only about five to 10 years. Then they usually cease up in a junkyard or landfill. However, these containers are durable, lightweight, and of relatively depression cost, then entrepreneurs and artists are finding ways to repurpose them.

After reading this selection, what information volition about probable come next?

Detailed information on the structural components of shipping containers
Other durable, price-constructive ways to store and transport materials
The various methods nosotros use to transport material and products around the globe
The numerous ways aircraft containers tin can be reused

Correct reply:four.

The to a higher place paragraph discusses aircraft containers, and narrows in on how, because of their short life-span on the aircraft yards, they quickly accumulate in landfills. Now, however, people are finding some interesting and artistic ways to reuse these containers for purposes beyond what they were initially intended for. Thus, this is correct.

Use the passage below to answer the two questions that follow.

Landscapes, images of natural scenery, remained a popular subject in early modern art. Driven in part by their dissatisfaction with the modern city, many artists sought out places resembling untouched earthly paradises. In these areas, away from the bustle of the modern city, artists were able to focus on their work and observe nature firsthand. Because of this, many radical creative experiments occurred in the most rural and least "modern" of settings. These ranged from the utilize of unexpected, non-naturalistic colors, to the unusual awarding of pigment.

Question 7

Which of the following best states the chief idea of this passage?

Early modern artists avoided the modernistic earth and embraced nature, causing new techniques to be developed in old settings
Inspired by the modernistic city, artists experimented with new techniques
Early mod artists used new techniques in color option and awarding
Similar to previous artists, modernistic artists enjoyed painting landscapes

Correct answer:1.

This is correct. The passage discusses artists' desire to get out the modern city and focus on nature to create art, which caused new "modernistic" techniques to be created in settings that weren't modern at all.

Question 8

The author probably uses the word "dissatisfaction" in line 2 to mean:

misery
unkempt
contentment
unhappiness

Correct respond:4.

This is correct. Artists expressed their "dissatisfaction" or unhappiness, with the urban center, then they went to the country to create.

Use the post-obit passage to reply the two questions that follow.

Passage 1 is by Dorothy Sayers; Passage two is adapted from a piece of work by Raymond Chandler.

Passage 1

The detective story does not and cannot attain the loftiest level of literary achievement. Though it deals with the almost drastic effects of rage, jealousy, and revenge, it rarely touches the heights and depths of human passion. Information technology presents u.s.a. with an accomplished fact and looks upon decease with a dispassionate centre. It does non show us the inner workings of the murderer's

mind—it must not, for the identity of the criminal is subconscious until the finish of the book. The most successful writers are those who concoct to keep the story running from first to end at the same emotional level, and information technology is better to err in the direction of too little feeling than too much.

Passage 2

I think what was really gnawing at Dorothy Sayers in her critique of the detective story was the realization that her kind of detective story was an arid formula unable to satisfy its own implications. If the story started to be about real people, they soon had to practice unreal things to conform to the artificial blueprint required by the plot. When they did unreal things, they ceased to be real themselves. Sayers' own stories bear witness that she was bellyaching past this triteness. Yet she would not give her characters their heads and let them make their own mystery.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the two passages?

Passage ane focuses on the uniqueness of the genre; Passage 2 focuses on its weaknesses
Passage 1 relates the details the particulars of the genre; Passage 2 generalizes the limitations
Passage 1 discusses the limitations of the genre; Passage 2 discusses the uniqueness of the genre
Passage 1 highlights the merits of the genre; Passage ii downplays its faults

Correct respond:3.

This is the all-time answer because the kickoff passage focuses on the limitations of writing in the detective genre, while Passage two focuses on how the detective genre is unique and has merit.

Question 10

Which of the post-obit would the writer of Passage ane most likely agree with?

The detective genre involves a creative and unpredictable writing fashion
The plot of a detective story is formulated
The characters in detective stories are well-developed and have deep inner worlds
Detective story writers will soon be known every bit globe-class writers

Correct answer:2.
This is the correct answer considering Dorothy Sayers, author of Passage 1, describes the predictable, strict, and formulaic writing way that characterizes the detective genre, in her opinion.

Subtest Ii: Writing Knowledge and Proficiency Practice Questions and Answers

Now, permit's await at a few practice questions in each area to see how these

concepts might actually appear on the real test.

Question 1

Caroline or her parents

wants₁

to get to the

film festival₂

San Diego₃.

Which part of the judgement contains a grammatical fault?

3
ane
2
No error

Correct reply:two .

This sentence has a compound discipline with one singular noun (Caroline), and one plural noun (parents) joined by the word or. In this situation, the verb should agree with the role of the subject that is nearer to the verb. Therefore, the singular verb "wants" should be changed to "want" to agree with the plural subject field "parents."

Question ii

Allie'due south science

project₁

focused on how music would

consequence₂

plant growth; she found that classical music had the nearly positive

effect₃

Which function of the sentence contains an error?

i
3
No error
2

Correct answer:4 .

Affect and issue are commonly confused words. It helps to remember that bear upon is a verb and effect is a substantive. Therefore, Allie studies how music volition affect institute growth. What she discovers when her experiment is finished is the result, or the noun effect.

Question 3

My band has been rehearsing daily₁.

Because we have a concert in 2 weeks₂.

It is our first paid gig, and then we are all looking forward to information technology₃.

Which office of the passage is a fragment?

three
ane
No error
two

Correct answer:iv .

A judgement is a group of words that has a subject, a verb, and expresses a complete thought; a sentence fragment is a grouping of words that does not express a complete thought. The word "considering" makes "two" a fragment. The corrected sentence would read, "My band has been rehearsing daily considering nosotros accept a concert in two weeks."

Question four

Trying to fall comatose in the uncomfortable bunk₁,

the sheets felt uncomfortably hot₂

and

the cakewalk refused to accident₃

Which role of the sentence contains a misplaced modifier?

3
1
No error
2

Right respond:2 .

"Trying to fall asleep…" is a dangling modifier, or a modifier that appears to modify the incorrect give-and-take or phrase because the word or phrase that it should modify is missing from the sentence. A corrected version of the sentence would read, "Trying to fall asleep in the uncomfortable bunk, I felt uncomfortably hot in the sheets and the breeze refused to blow."

Question five

When I walk₁

my dog at

night, she₂

barks at anybody we

pass, she₃

must not like strangers.

Which part of the judgement above contains an error?

i
3
No fault
2

Correct answer:two .

This sentence is a run-on with a comma splice. The comma between "pass" and "she" should exist replaced with either a period to brand a new sentence, or a analogous conjunction such as "so" to connect the two independent clauses.

Question 6

Mark₁

your music is so

poignant₂

and original, and I love how it reflects your passion. We will probably hear y'all on the

radio₃

someday!

Where should a comma be inserted to make the sentence grammatically correct?

After "poignant"
No comma is needed
After "Mark"
Later on "radio"

Reveal the Reply

Correct answer:iii .

Use commas to divide the proper noun of a person existence spoken to from the remainder of the sentence. The name "Mark" at the start of the sentence should exist followed by a comma.

Question 7

Low₁

introductory

credit card rates₂

usually revert

dorsum₃

to standard interest rates after the initial period

is consummate₄

Select the discussion or phrase that is redundant and can exist removed without changing the meaning of the text.

2
three
4
1

Correct answer:2 .

Redundant words and phrases needlessly repeat information that is given elsewhere in the judgement. "Back" and "revert" are redundant. "Back" can be removed without irresolute the meaning of the judgement, so information technology should be taken out.

Question 8

Plastic bags have come under fire recently, with some cities even banning them birthday. ___________, paper bags are not necessarily more friendly to the environment than plastic bags. _________, a contempo study showed that a paper bag has to exist used iii times before it can be said to take a lower touch on on global warming than a plastic bag.

Consummate the passage with the transitions that help the reader progress logically from one thought to the next.

Therefore, In fact
However, In fact
However, Every bit a effect
For instance, Likewise

Right answer:2 .

"Nonetheless, In fact" is correct. The first blank requires a transition of opposition (however) to testify the contrast between the thoughts about plastic numberless being bad for the environs with the fact that newspaper bags are no better. The 2nd blank requires the transition in fact to introduce an example that substantiates the claim that paper numberless are not friendlier to the environment than plastic bags.

Question nine

Sports are a wonderful means for mankind to exercise one of its most basic principles: competition with our fellow human being. Surrounding all types of sports is the concept of sportsmanship – the respect and ethical behavior shown to all participants of a contest. The spirit of the game, in many cases, is more of import than the outcome of the match; a true competitor understands this. This is why many of our virtually dear athletes are non always the about talented performers—it is the players who play with the purest motive, for the sake of the team, and with respect for all opponents, who proceeds the respect and admiration of the fans.

At that place are greater lessons to exist learned from sports than being well liked by fans. Sports, and past extension, the athletes who play them, extend beyond cultural differences; surely styles of play can vary between countries and regions, but in general, sports are played the aforementioned everywhere. Similarly, fans of a sport are able to capeesh incredible athletic feats or displays of truthful sportsmanship regardless of the player. Merely put, in a day and age when settling cultural differences is of utmost importance, sports are a reasonably viable way to bring the globe closer together.

Lastly, international events such every bit the Olympic Games or World Cup are perfect opportunities to show the world that international cooperation and peace are possible. Sports can and should exist used as instruments of alter in an uncertain world. They can also be proponents of peace.

The Olympic Creed says it all-time: "The almost important thing in the Olympic Games is non to win but to take function, just every bit the well-nigh important matter in life is not the triumph, but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered, merely to have fought well."

Which of the following is the most effective mode to revise and combine the following sentences from paragraph three? "Sports can and should exist used every bit instruments of change in an uncertain world. They can as well exist proponents of peace."

Sports can and should be used as instruments of change in an uncertain globe; they can besides be proponents of peace
No correction is necessary
Sports tin can and should be used as instruments of change and proponents of peace in an uncertain world
Sports can and should be used as instruments of modify in an uncertain world, and they can also be proponents of peace

Right respond:3 .

This is the best answer.

Question 10

If you are reading this correct at present, you are taking office in the wonder of literacy. Considering of printed words, people can relay data across both time and space. Ideas are encoded in writing and transmitted to readers across thousands of miles and years. The words of people distant to us tin can influence events, impart cognition, and change the globe. Much of the credit for the development of this phenomenon can exist attributed to one man: Johannes Gutenberg.

Johannes Gutenberg was born in the German metropolis of Mainz. Information technology's been argued that Gutenberg's idea was i of the greatest of all flesh. This one idea led to the spread of countless others. It plays a key office in the evolution of the Renaissance, Reformation, the Age of Enlightenment, and the Scientific Revolution. This idea would bring learning to the masses and form the backbone of the mod cognition-based economy. Gutenberg created the mechanical printing printing with movable type.

Before the spread of Gutenberg's idea, literature was primarily handwritten. Each copy of the Cosmic Bible and all 73 of its books were tediously and painstakingly scribed by hand. Given the amount of detail that went into each text, creating a unmarried re-create of the Bible could take years. Considering of the effort that went into producing them, books were extremely rare and valuable. There was petty reason for common people to larn to read or write since it was unlikely that they would ever handle a volume in their lifetime, because of the value and scarcity of books. Gutenberg'south invention would change all of that. His printing press allowed literature to be produced on a mass scale. His movable metal type could exist arranged once to form a folio, and the printing could print a folio once more and again.

The technologies that he created spread across Europe apace. As these printing technologies and techniques spread, news and books began to travel across Europe much faster than previously possible. The world has non been the same since.

Which portion of the passage should be eliminated?

Gutenberg created the mechanical printing press with movable type
His movable metal type could be bundled once to form a folio
Earlier the spread of Gutenberg's idea, literature was primarily handwritten
Johannes Gutenberg was born in the German metropolis of Mainz

Correct answer:four .

The judgement "Johannes Gutenberg was built-in in the German urban center of Mainz" is correct. Information technology should be eliminated because the purpose of the passage is to relay data about Gutenberg's invention and its effects, not Gutenberg himself.